Clarity is always better so using the abbreviated version is recommended. Very often editing causes citations to be moved, changing the previous entry and making the Ibid. This requires care because it means that you are repeating the source directly before it. If there is a different page number, indicate that. If you use a source more than once, you can use an abbreviated version that contains the author’s name, as much of the title as necessary to distinguish it from other work, and the page number, if applicable. No matter how many times you use the same source, you issue a new number each time you use it. When formatting footnotes, each one gets its own number, in sequence. Since you are getting most of the information for a paper from external sources, there should be at least one footnote in every paragraph. Yes, this can add up to a lot of footnotes. At the end of every sentence that contains a piece of information you acquired from someone else you need to give them credit. These include statistics, ideas, photographs, direct quotes, and many other things. All entries should be alphabetical, single spaced, and have one space between entries.įootnotes go inside the work itself and are used to indicate specific pieces of information that you need to give credit to someone else for. The first line is at the margin and the rest is indented. You hang paragraphs by going to HOME tab, then the paragraph settings.
Bibliographical notations are not centered, they are aligned on the left and hung.
These are the individual items within a bibliography. At the top of the new page and type BIBLIOGRAPHY in all caps and center the heading. To create a bibliography, go to the end of your document and enter a page break. Each entry is single spaced, but there is one space between entries. It is organized in alphabetical order, by author, and items are hung. It contains all of the works you referenced in the body of your work, including any image sources. The Chicago style manual gives two versions of each citation, a bibliographic citation and a footnote.īibliography A bibliography comes at the end of your work and is a list of all the items you used to discover your information. It was designed for academics rather than professional works. This Chicago Style guide, for instance, is good, but does not have everything necessary to work through a complete webpage citation: You can use an online guide for one-off classes that require something different. You should find out what your specialty uses and learn that style. Their style guide is called the Turabian Manual. History and the social sciences use Chicago style almost exclusively. Every profession has professional literature and each has a style that it uses for its citations.
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